JAKOB, Ludwig Heinrich von (1759-1827), a German writer on political economy, was born at Wettin, 26th February 1759. After receiving preparatory instruction at Merseburg and at the gymnasium of Halle, he in 1777 entered the university of the latter city, at first devoting his attention specially to philological studies. In 1780 he was appointed teacher at the gymnasium, and, now occupying his leisure chiefly with the study of philosophy, he iu 1785 obtained the degree of doctor of philosophy, and in 1791 was appointed professor of philosophy at the university. The suppression of the university of Halle having been decreed by Napoleon, Jakob betook himself to Russia, where in 1807 he was appointed professor of political economy at Kharkoff, and in 1809 a member of the Government commission to inquire into the finances of the empire. In the following year he became president of the commission for the revision of criminal law, and he at the same time obtained an important office in the finance department, with the rank of counsellor of state; but in 1816 he returned to Halle to occupy the chair of political economy. He died at Lauchstädt, July 22, 1827....