HARTMANN, Moritz (1821-1872), a German poet and novelist, was born of Jewish parents at Duschnik in Bohemia, October 15, 1821. He studied at Prague and Vienna, and after a tour in Italy, Switzerland, and South Germany became a teacher in Vienna. He left Austria, however, in 1844, in order to publish without danger a volume of patriotic poems entitled Kelch und Schwert, which appeared at Leipsic in 1845, and in which .he gave expression to somewhat radical sentiments as regards both church and state, in language full of the fire of youthful passion and tinged with considerable poetic fancy. After residing for some years in Belgium and France, he came to Leipsic, where in 1847 he published Neuere Gedichte. On his venturing towards the close of this year to return to Austria he suffered a short imprisonment, from which he was freed by the revolution of the following March. In the same year he was chosen to represent the district of Leitmeritz in the Frankfort parliament, where he took his seat on the extreme left. In October he accompanied Blum and Fröbel to Vienna, but he made his escape before the execution of Blum, and took part in the deliberations of the “Rump Parliament” at Stuttgart. In 1849 he published the Reimchronik des Pfafen Maurizius, a satirical political poem in the style of the old chronicles. After the dissolution of the “Rump Parliament,” he went to Switzerland, then to England and Ireland, and in 1850 to Paris, where, besides other literary engagements, he held that of correspondent to the Kölnische Zeitung. On the outbreak of the Russian war he became correspondent of the same paper in the Crimea, where he remained eighteen months. After several years’ residence at Paris he settled in 1860 at Ghent, where he delivered courses of lectures on ...

HARTMANN VON AUE, a Middle High German poet, was born about 1170. He was of knightly rank, and held a fief at Aue, which was probably on the upper Neckar. He seems to have been educated in a monastery, and was able to read and write. Among his accomplishments was a knowledge of French, and as he took part in the third crusade he must be considered to have passed under>the influences which were in his time most favourable to poetic impulse. Although his lyrics are not without merit he excels chiefly in narrative poetry; and the best known of his narrative poems, which was also one of the earliest, is Der arme Heinrich ( ci Poor Henry ”). Some of the incidents of this tale are exceedingly repulsive, but others are marked by delicate grace and pathos. Two other tales, Erec and Iwein, the former written before 1197 and the latter before 1204, treat of the Arthurian legend, and are based upon French poems by Chrétien de Troies. The story of each is clearly conceived, and the diction is fresh, harmonious, and animated. Hartmann has neither the exquisite finish and charm of Gottfried of Strasburg nor the soaring imagination of Wolfram von Eschenbach; but he stands next to these supreme mediaeval writers in the power of giving artistic shape to strong feeling. He is mentioned a® alive in 1207 by Gottfried of Strasburg, but in 1220 his death is deplored by Heinrich von dem Türlein in the Krone.

Each of his works has found a special editor; and a complete edition of his writings has been issued by F. Bech in the Deutsche Classiker des Mittelalters. See L. Schmid, Stand, Heimat, und Geschlecht des Minnesängers Hartmann (1874).