SALAMIS, in modern times called by the people Κολούρι (a ring-shaped cake), and by purists Σ αλαμίς , is an island in the Saronic Gulf, off the coast of Attica, Greece. It is said to have been called in ancient times by other names,—Sciras, which associates it with the worship of Athena Sciras; Cychreia, which connects it with the Eleusinian cultus and the sacred serpent (Κυχρείδης ὄφις ) of Demeter; and Pityussa. There was a small stream, Bocarus or Bocalia, in the island. The city, which bore the same name as the island, was originally situated on the south coast opposite AEgina, but was afterwards transferred to a promontory on the east side nearer Athens. The transference corresponds to a total change in the political relations of Salamis. It was originally connected, not with Attica, but with AEgina and with Megara, the competitors of Athens in the struggle for supremacy in the Saronic Gulf. The most prominent heroes of the island, Telamon, Ajax, and Teucer, were AEacidae from Aegina. But about the end of the 7th century b.c. the war between Athens and Megara for the possession of Salamis was, under the guidance of Solon, determined in favour of Athens. A line of the Iliad (ii. 558) is said to have been interpolated by the Athenians in support of their claim to the island, while the Megarian version of the passage was quite different. The priestess of Athena Polias might not eat Attic cheese, but it was lawful for her to eat foreign or Salaminian cheese. Salamis, having come so late into the hands of the Athenians, retained, like Eleusis, more local independence than the other denies. The island remained subject to Athens in later history, except during the period 318 to 232 b.c., when it was abandoned to the Macedonian rule. The name ...

once a famous city in the isle of Cyprus, opposite to Seleucia, on the Syrian coast; and as it was the first place where the Gospel was preached, it was in the primitive times made the see of the primate of the whole island. It was destroyed by the Saracens, and from the ruins was built Famagusta, which was taken by the Turks in 1570. Here St. Paul preached, A. D. 44, Acts xiii, 5.