SCHWEGLER, Albert (1819-1857), historical, philosophical, and theological writer, one of the first and most distinguished of the pupils of F. C. Baur and of the dei minores of the Tübingen school. He was born at Michel-

bach in Würtemberg on 10th February 1819, the son of a country clergyman, and entered the university of Tübingen· in 1836 as a student of theology, though with a predominant liking for classical philology. Under Baur’s influence he devoted himself to the study of ecclesiastical history, and his first work was Der Montanismus u. die christliche Kirche des 2ten Jahrhunderts (1841), in which he was the first to point out that Montanism was much more than an isolated outbreak of eccentric fanaticism in the early church, though he introduced fresh misconceptions by connecting it with Ebionitism as he conceived the latter. This work, with other essays, brought Schwegler into conflict with the authorities of the church, in consequence of which he gave up theology as his professional study and chose that of philosophy. In 1843 he commenced in the Tübingen university the career of a teacher (privat-docent) of philosophy and classical philology, and in 1848 was made extraordinary professor of the latter subject and soon after ordinary professor of history. His death took place on 5th January 1857....