SG Heritage Dictionary

Boni Encyclopedia Britannica

BONI, a kingdom or confederation in the island of Celebes, stretching along a part of the western shores of a great bay of the same name, which indents the south side of the island to the depth of nearly 180 miles. It has an area of 450 square miles at most, and its present population is estimated about 200,000. It was at one time the most powerful state of Celebes, all the other princes being regarded as vassals of its king, but has latterly been practically reduced to a Dutch dependency, though this has not been brought about without trouble. An expedition in 1825, under General van Geen, was not very successful; but the war of 1859 was brought to a more satisfactory termination for the invaders. The inhabitants, called Bugis, are one of the most remarkable of the peoples of the Eastern Archipelago. They speak a language allied to that of the Macassars, and write it with similar characters. It has been studied and its letters reproduced in type by Dr B. F. Matthes of the Netherlands Bible Society. The Bugis are industrious and ingenious; they practise agriculture more extensively than the neighbouring tribes, and manufacture cotton cloth, not only for their own use. but also for export. They likewise carry on a considerable traffic in the mineral and vegetable productions of their country, such as gold dust, tortoise-shell, pearlβ, nutmegs, camphor, and various medicinal preparations. Their towns are regularly built, and they have schools of their own. The king is elected generally for life, and always from their own number, by the chiefs of the eight petty states that compose the confederation, and he cannot decide upon any public measure without their consent. In some of the states the office of chief is hereditary; in others any member of the privileged classes ...

9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 4, p. 32
[465 words — estimated reading time: 3 minutes]

Bonibell [Noun] Webster's Dictionary 1913

See Bonnibel.

Boniface [Noun] Webster's Dictionary 1913

An innkeeper.

Boniface Encyclopedia Britannica

BONIFACE, St, the Apostle of Germany, whose real name was Winfrid, was born at Crediton in Devonshire, in 680. He was of good family, and it was somewhat against his father’s wishes that he devoted himself at an early age to the monastic life. He received his theological training in the convents of Exeter and Nutcell, and at the age of thirty became a priest. In 715 he set out on a missionary expedition to Friesland, but his efforts were frustrated by the war then being carried on between Charles Martel and Radbod, king of the Frisians. Despite the wishes of his brethren, who desired to make him their abbot, he again set out in 718, visited Rome, and was commissioned by Gregory II. to preach to the pagans of Germany. For five years he laboured in Thuringia, Hessia, and Friesland, and then returned to Rome to report his success. He again set out for Germany, and, armed with full powers from the Pope, baptized thousands of the heathen, and brought back to the Church of Rome many Christians who had in a measure separated themselves from the fold. After another visit to Rome in 738 he proceeded to Bavaria, and founded there the bishoprics of Salzburg, Regensburg (Ratisbon), Freisingen, and Passau. He then resumed his labours in Germany, where he erected the. districts of Würzburg, Erfurt, and Burburg into bishoprics. He also organized provincial synods in the Frankish Church, and obtained great influence over the king, Pepin, whom he crowned at Soissons. Boniface had been created a bishop by Gregory IL, and after the deposition of the bishop of Mainz in 745, that bishopric was converted into a metropolis and conferred upon him, much against his own inclinations. He had never relinquished his hope of converting the Frisians, and iu 755 he set out with a small retinue for ...

The epistles of Boniface have been published by Serrarius, 1605, and by Wiirdtwein, 1790; his works by Giles, 2 vols., 1842. On ilia life and labours see Löffler, Bonifacius, 1812; Seiter, Bonifacùis, 1845; Bettberg, Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands, i.; Nean der, Church History, Bohn’s transi., vol. v.

BONIFACE, the name of nine popes.

Boniface I., bishop of Rome from 418 to 422, was a contemporary of St Augustine, who dedicated to him some of his works.

Boniface II., 530-532, was by birth a Goth, and owed his election to the influence of the Gothic king. He had for some time an anti-pope, Dioscurus.

Boniface III., 15th February to 12th November 606, obtained from Phocas recognition of the headship of the Church at Rome.

Boniface IV., 608-615, received from Phocas the Pantheon at Rome, which was converted into a Christian church.

Boniface V., 619-625, did much for the Christianizing of England.

Boniface VI. was elected in April 897, and died fifteen days afterwards.

Boniface VII., who attained the Papal chair in 974, is sometimes styled an anti-pope. He is supposed to have put his predecessor, Benedict VI., to death. A popular tumult compelled him to flee to Constantinople; but he carried with him vast treasure, and in 984 he returned and removed, by murder, John XIV., who had been elected in his room. He died in 985 or 986.

Boniface VIII., Benedict Cajetan, a man of great ability, was elected in 1294, Celestine V. having been persuaded to resign. He meddled incessantly in foreign affairs, and put forward the strongest claims to temporal as well as spiritual supremacy. His bitterest quarrels were with the emperor, with the powerful family of the Colonnas, and with Philip the Fair of France, whom he excommunicated in 1303. He was about to lay all France under an interdict when he was seized at Agnani by a party of horsemen under Nogaret, an agent of Philip, and Sciarra Colonna. After three days’ captivity he was rescued by the town’s people, but the agitation he had undergone caused his death soon after, on the 11th October 1303. In 1300 Boniface instituted the jubilees, which afterwards became such a source of profit and of scandal to the church.

Boniface IX. was elected in 1390 and died in 1404. During his time the so-called Clement V. continued to hold state as pope in Aviguon.

9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 4, p. 33
[419 words — estimated reading time: 3 minutes]

Bonifacio Encyclopedia Britannica

BONIFACIO, a town at the southern extremity of Corsica, in the arrondissement of Sartene, near the strait to which it gives its name. It is one of the most picturesque and interesting places in the island, its white houses being built on the top of a white calcareous rock that can only be reached on foot or on horseback. It is well fortified, has a secure harbour, carries on some trade, and has coral fisheries. The rock is hollowed out into vast caves that stretch below the town. Bonifacio was founded in 833 by the Tuscan Marquis whose name it bears, as a defence against the Saracen pirates. At the end of the 11th century it became subject to Pisa, and in 1195 was taken by the Genoese, whose influence continues to affect the character of the population to this day. In 1421 it heroically withstood a protracted siege by Alphonso of Aragon; but in 1553 it fell into the hands of the Franco-Turkish array. Population in 1872, 3402. (See Gregorovius’s Corsica, vol. ii.; Lear, Joum. in Corsica, p. 62.)

9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 4, p. 33
[182 words — estimated reading time: 2 minutes]

Boniform [Adjective] Webster's Dictionary 1913

Sensitive or responsive to moral excellence.

Bonify [Verb transitive] Webster's Dictionary 1828

To convert into good. [Not used.]

Bonify [Verb transitive] Webster's Dictionary 1913

To convert into, or make, good.

Boniness [Noun] Webster's Dictionary 1913

The condition or quality of being bony.

Boning [Noun] Webster's Dictionary 1913

1. The clearing of bones from fish or meat.

2. The manuring of land with bones.

3. A method of leveling a line or surface by sighting along the tops of two or more straight edges, or a range of properly spaced poles. See 3d Bone, v. t.

Boning [Present participle and verbal noun] Webster's Dictionary 1913

of Bone

Bonitary [Adjective] Webster's Dictionary 1913

Beneficial, as opposed to statutory or civil; as, bonitary dominion of land.

Bonito [Noun] Webster's Dictionary 1828

A fish of the tunny kind, growing to the length of three feet, and found on the American coast, and in the tropical climates. It has a greenish back, and a white silvery belly.

Bonito [Noun] Webster's Dictionary 1913

1. A large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the tunny. It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American coast.

2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of the United States, and (S. Chilensis) of the Pacific, and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a blue color with black oblique stripes.

3. The medregal (Seriola fasciata), an edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West Indies.

4. The cobia or crab eater (Elacate canada), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United States.

Bonitoes [Plural] Webster's Dictionary 1913

of Bonito