CHITTAGONG, a district of British India, in the division of the same name (which also comprises the districts of Noákhálí, Tipperah, Chittagong Hill Tracts, and Independent Hill Tipperah), under the jurisdiction of the lieutenant-governor of Bengal, lies between 20° 45' and 22° 59' N. lat., and 91° 30' and 92° 23' E. long. It is bounded on the N. by Hill Tipperah and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, E. by the Chittagong Hill Tracts and Arákán, S. by Arákán, and W. by the Bay of Bengal. It consists of a strip of low-lying land along the Bay of Bengal, about 165 miles in length, and of an average breadth of 50 miles. A few unimportant ranges rise within the north-eastern portion,—the highest hill being the sacred Sítákund, 1155 feet high. Lofty mountains separate Chittagong district from Upper Burmah. The principal rivers are the Karnaphulí, on which Chittagong town is situated, navigable by sea-going ships and steamers as far as Chittagong port, and by large trading boats for a considerable distance higher up, and the Háldá and the Sangu, which are also navigable by large boats. Several creeks afford means of communi cation with the interior. The wild animals are tigers, elephants, rhinoceros, leopards, and deer. The area extends to 2498 square miles, of which one-third is cultivated, or capable of cultivation. The census of 1872 returns the population at 1,127,402. According to religion, the Hindus numbered 301,138, or 26 - 7 percent.; Muhammadans, 795,013, or 70 - 5 per cent.; Buddhists, 30,149, or 2 ’ 7 per cent.; Christians, 1084 or ’ 1 per cent.; and persons of unspecified religion, 18. The Christian population chiefly consists of the half-caste descendants of the early Portuguese adventurers, or “Firinghis.” The principal articles of trade are ...

CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS, a district on the eastern frontier of British India, in the Chittagong division, lies between 21° 13' and 23° 47' N. lat., and 91° 46' and 92° 49' E. long., and is bounded on the N. by the semi-independent state of Tipperah, on the E. and S. by the district of Arákán in British Burmah, and on the W. by the regulation district of Chittagong. The general aspect of the country is very hilly, with deep ravines and prominent cliffs, covered with forests and gigantic creepers. Irregular masses of jungle, low hills, water-courses, and swamps fill up the intervals between the chief ranges. The principal hills with their heights are—Básitáng, 2181 feet; Mrungá Tang 1650 feet; Rángráng-dáng, 2789 feet; and Lurain Tang, 2355 feet. The country is divided into four valleys formed by the Phení, Karnaphulí, Sangu, and Mátámurí rivers. Navigation is, however, difficult, owing to the rapidity and violence of their currents, their sharp turns, and whirling eddies; but the hillmen manage to float down timber, bamboo, ratan, thatching grass, cotton, garjαn oil, chalmugrd oil, and a small quantity of wax and ivory. Among the wild animals may be noticed elephants, rhinoceros, bison, and many kinds of deer. The area of the district is 6882 square miles; the population in 1872 was 69,607 souls, or only 10 persons to the square mile. These consist of Hindus, 598, or - 8 per cent.; Muhammadans, 1378, or 2 ’ 0 per cent.; Buddhists, 47,875, or 68 - 8 per cent.; Christians, 31; and persons of unspecified religion, 19,725, or 28 ’ 4 per cent. The hill tribes, who are very primitive in their manners and customs, include the Khyoungthas (children of the river), called also the Jumiá Maghs; Chakmás, Tipperahs, Kumis, Mrus, Khyengs, Bangis, Pankhos, ...