CORMENIN, Louis Marie de la Haye, Viscount de (1788-1868), a French jurist and political pamphleteer, was born at Paris, January 6, 1788. His father and his grandfather both held the rank of lieutenant-general of the admiralty. In consequence of the suppression of the colleges he received his early education at a private school at Paris, and afterwards studied in the school of law. At the age of twenty he was received advocate, and about the same time he gained some reputation as a writer of piquant and delicate poems. In 1810 he received from Napoleon I. the appointment of auditor to the council of state; and after the restoration of the Bourbons he became master of requests. During the period of his connection with the council he devoted himself zealously to the study of administrative law, and acquired those stores of exact knowledge which afterwards furnished the material for his principal work as a jurist. He was selected to prepare some of the most important reports of the council. Among his separate publications at this time are noted,— Du Conseil d’Etat envisage coìnme conseil et comme juridiction dans notre monarchie constitutionelle (1818), and De la responsabilité des agents du gouvernement. In the former he claimed, for the protection of the rights of private persons in the administration of justice, the institution of a special court whose members should be irremovable, the right of oral defence, and publicity of trial. In 1822 appeared his Questions de droit administratif, in which he for the first time brought together and gave scientific shape to the scattered elements of administrative law. These he arranged and stated clearly in the form of aphorisms, with logical deductions, establishing them by proofs drawn from the archives of the council of ...

CORMONTAIGNE, Louis de (1696-1752), a French military engineer, was born at Strasburg. He was present as a volunteer at the sieges of Friburg and Landau, and in 1715 he entered the Engineers. From 1733 to 1745 he took part in several of the most important sieges in the Polish and Austrian wars. Having gained the rank of maréchal de capιp he received charge of the line of fortifications from Calais to the Rhone; and he built new defences at Strasburg, Metz, and Thionville, at which last place he died. i

With the exception of the Architecture militaire, printed at the Hague in 1741, and reprinted at Paris in 1809 as the Mémorial pour la fortification permanente et passagère, and extracts published and used as text-books, the works of Cormontaigne remained in MS. till the beginning of the present century. First published at Berlin in 1803, the Mémorial pour V attaque des places was printed at Paris in 1806, as also was the Mémoire pour la defense des places. All three treatises were republished, with a preface, by Bousmard in 1809.

שלך, Levit. xi, 17; Deut. xiv, 17; a large sea bird. It is about three feet four inches in length, and four feet two inches in breadth from the tips of the extended wings. The bill is about five inches long, and of a dusky colour; the base of the lower mandible is covered with a naked yellowish skin, which extends under the throat and forms a kind of pouch. It has a most voracious appetite, and lives chiefly upon fish, which it devours with unceasing gluttony. It darts down very rapidly upon its prey; and the Hebrew, and the Greek name, καταράκτης, [a cataract,] are expressive of its impetuosity. The word קאת, which in our version of Isaiah xxxiv, 11, is rendered _cormorant_, is the pelican.