GABII, an old, and at one time important, city of Latium, on the Via Praene3tina, or road to Praeneste, between 12 and 13 miles E. of Rome. Long before the foundation of Rome, Gabii appears to have been one of the largest of the Latin cities; and, according to an old tradition noticed by Dionysius and Plutarch, Romulus and Remus were educated there. During the greater part of the regal period of Rome Gabii maintained its ground, and it only fell into the hands of Tarquin the Proud through a stratagem contrived by his son Sextus, who was afterwards slain by the inhabitants, when, on the expulsion of his family from Rome, he sought refuge in the town. After this period Gabii always appears in history as the ally or dependent of it3 more powerful neighbour, and it gradually fell into such a state of decay as to become a proverb of desolation— Gabiis desertior. The fame of its cold sulphurous waters gave new life to the place in the reign of Tiberius; and the emperor Hadrian, one of whose favourite residences was not far distant, at Tivoli, appears to have been a very liberal patron, building a town-house (Curia Aelia Augusta) and an aqueduct. After the 3d century Gabii practically disappears from history, though its “bishops” continue to be mentioned in ecclesiastical documents till the close of the 9 th. The principal relic of the ancient city is a ruined temple (probably of Juno) on a hill now crowned by the ruins of the mediaeval fortress of Castiglione. It is a hexastyle structure of uncertain date, uniting the characteristics of Greek and Italian architecture; but the fragments of the pillars are not sufficient to show whether it belonged to the Ionic or the Corinthian order. Its length is about 48 English feet. Since 1792, when explorations were commenced by ...