MANDI, a native state in the Punjab, India, lying between 31° 23' 45" and 32° 4' N. lat., and between 76° 40' and 77° 22' 30" E. long., and bounded on the N. and E. by Kullu, on the S. by Suket, and on the W. by Kângrâ. The country is very mountainous, being intersected by two great parallel ranges, reaching to an average height of from 5000 to 7000 feet above sea. The valleys between the hill ranges are very fertile, and produce all the ordinary grains, besides more valuable crops of rice, maize, sugarcane, poppy, and tobacco. Salt-mines contribute about one-third of the state revenue. Iron is found in places, and also gold in small quantities. The area of the state is estimated at about 1200 square miles, and a census in 1881 gives the population as 147,017. The chief, a Räjput by caste, enjoys an approximate income of <£36,500, and the state pays a tribute to the British Government of £10,000 a year. Mandi town, the capital, is situated on the Biâs, in 31° 43' N. lat. and 76° 58' E. long.

MANDINGOES, otherwise known as Wangarawa, Malinkes, or Wakore (the last probably their primitive designation), are one of the most widely distributed and important peoples of Western Africa to the north of the equator, and perhaps form the best representatives of the Negro stock. The country of Manding, from which their ordinary name is derived, is a comparatively small district on both banks of the Niger, about the intersection of 12° N. lat. with 9° E. long. A Mandingo empire, usually called after Mali, the chief town, which stood on the bank of the Niger to the north of Buré, was founded by a certain prince Baramindana or Baramangole in the 12th century; and its power was gradually extended till, in the reign of Mansa Musa (1311-31), Songhai, Timbuctoo, and, in fact, the whole of the Sudan with the exception of Genné on the Niger, were more or less thoroughly subjugated. Timbuctoo finally fell into the hands of the Berbers about 1433; but Mali remained a leading state and its capital a great commercial centre till the beginning of the 16th century, when Omar Askia, prince of Songhai, captured the city. The Mali dynasty was a Mohammedan one; and, though some sections of the Mandingo race are still pagans, the greater number are ardent supporters of Islam. Of the present grouping and relations of the states in which they are the dominant element detailed information does not exist; but such accounts as those of Benj"amin Anderson (Journey to Musardu, the capital of the Western Mandingoes, New York, 1870) show that some of them are possessed of a considerable share of barbaric civilization. According to Dr Quintin, the leading areas of Mandingo occupation are the country watered by the great headstreams of the Senegal (the Falerne, the Bating, &c.), the district to ...