NOYON, a city of France, department of Oise, 67 miles north-north-east of Paris by the railway to Brussels, is built at the foot and on the slopes of a hill, and traversed by a small stream, the Verse, which joins the Oise a mile farther down. The old cathedral of Notre Dame, constructed during the latter half of the 12th century, is a fine example of the mixture of Romanesque and Gothic architecture. In plan it is a Latin cross, with a total length from east to west of 343 feet, and from north to south of 66. The west front has a porch, added in the 14th century, and two unfinished towers, their upper portions dating from the 13th century; its decorations have been greatly mutilated. The nave (167 feet long and 66 broad) consists of eleven bays, including those of the west front, which, in the interior, forms a kind of transept. In the windows of the aisles, the arches of the triforium, and the windows of the clerestory the round type is maintained; but double Pointed arches appear in the lower gallery; and the vaults of the roof, originally six-ribbed, were rebuilt after the fire of 1293 in the prevailing Pointed style. Side chapels were added in the north aisle in the 14th century and in the south aisle in the 15th and the 16th, one of the latter (15th) is especially rich in decorations. The flying buttresses of the building are at present (1884) being restored in the style of the 12th century. From the north-west corner of the nave runs the western gallery of a fine cloister, erected in 1230; and next to the cloister is the chapter-house of the same date, with its entrance adorned with statues of the bishops and other sculpture. The bishops’ tombs within the cathedral were destroyed during the Revolution. The chapel of the bishops’ palace is an example of the ...Early Pointed style; the second bishops’ palace is a brick and stone structure in the Renaissance style; the canons’ library was built of wood in the 15th century; and the town-house (Gothic and Renaissance) dates from 1485-1523. Among the town manuscripts is the Red Book or communal charter of Noy on. Remains of the Roman walls may be traced in the foundations of various houses. Noyon has a good trade, and contains large sugar-refineries, chemical-works, tanneries, and cotton-spinning mills. The population of the commune and that of the city were respectively 6268 and 5236 in 1872, and 6252 and 5780 in 1881.
Noyon, the ancient Novioιnagus Veromanduorum, was Christianized by St Quentin at the close of the 3d century; and in 531 St Medard, bishop of the district of Vermandois, transferred his see thither from St Quentin. The episcopate of St Eligius (640-648), the burial of Chilperic II., the coronation of Pippin the Short in 752, and on the same occasion the coronation of his infant son Carloman with tfιe title of king of Noyon, the coronation of Charlemagne in 771, the plunder of the town by the Normans in 859 and 880, the expulsion of the castellan by the inhabitants, and in 997 the recognition of the overlordship of the count of Flanders are the chief points in the history of Noyon down to the 10th century. In the 11th the city, passing under the French crown, became one of the ecclesiastical peerages of the kingdom; and at the beginning of the 12th century it easily obtained a communal charter through the favour of its bishops. The extent of the bishopric was considerably curtailed in 1135 by the breaking off of the diocese of Tournay. Noyon was ravaged by the English and the Burgundians during the Hundred Years’ War. In 1516 a truce was signed at Noyon by Francis I. and Charles V. The city was captured by the Spaniards in 1552, and afterwards by the Leaguers, who were expelled in 1594 by Henry IV. It lost its bishopric in 1791, and is at present only the chief town of a canton in the arrondissement of Compiègne. Calvin was born at Noyon in 1509.
See Le Vasseur, Annales de VÉglise Cathédrale de Noyon, 1633; ,Lafons de Melicocq, Rech. hist, sur Noyon, 1839; Barthélemy, Monogr. de l'Eglise Notre Dame de Noyon ; Vitet, Mongr. de l'Eglise de N. D. de Noyon, 1845; and Moet de la Forte Maison, Antiquités de Noyon (1845).
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