PAULICIANS (∏αυλικtαvoι), the name of a religious sect which sprang up in Armenia in the latter half of the 7th century. Their founder was Constantine, belonging to a village near Samosata called Mananalis, where a dualistic, perhaps Marcionite, community had long subsisted. About 660 A.D. his attention had been drawn to the New Testament, and especially to the epistles of Paul, whence he derived a set of opinions which, in their combination at least, were quite peculiar to himself, and under their inspiration he forthwith came forward as a reforming preacher. The scene of his first efforts was Cibossa, in the district of Colonia in Armenia Prima, where, in token of his Pauline discipleship, he called himself Sylvanus and his flock Macedonians. He died about the year 684, but had a succession of like-minded followers— Simeon (called Titus), Paul, Gegnaesius (Timothy), Joseph (Epaphroditus)—under whom the sect continued to spread into Asia Minor, ultimately taking up its headquarters in Phaneraea in Helenopontus. According to Petrus Siculus, whose Historia Manichaeorum was written about 870, they held the ordinary dualistic doctrine common to all the Manichaeans, expressly distinguishing the Being to whom the present world owes its creation and government from the maker and ruler of that which is to come; further, besides being quite out of sympathy with the Catholic doctrine as to the Theotokos, they rejected the Old Testament, the sacraments, the symbol of the cross, and the ordained ministry of the church. The morals of the followers of Constantine seem to have been for the most part unexceptionable, tending to severity, but one of his remoter successors, Baanes by name, gave way to such excesses as to earn for himself the surname of ó ρνπαρός ; ...