BURY, a manufacturing town and parliamentary borough of England, in the county of Lancaster, on the Irwell, 8 miles N.N.W. of Manchester. The woollen-trade, introduced in the 14th century, and of such importance in the reign of Elizabeth that she appointed an officer to stamp the cloth, still gives employment to 1000 of the population, but it has been greatly surpassed in extent by the cotton manufacture, which with its various branches gave employment in 1872 to 16,256 men and women of the age of twenty years or upwards. The auxiliary and supplemental trades of engine-making, spindle-making, calico-printing, bleaching, and dyeing are also largely carried on; the paper manufacture employs about 600 people; upwards of 1000 miners find work in the neighbouring coal-pits; 1200 workmen are engaged in the iron manufacture, and nearly 200 in the stone quarries. The town has been not only greatly extended but also greatly improved since the middle of the century; it is well drained, and has a good supply of water. It contains a town-hall, an athen∞um (including a museum), a free grammar school, founded by the Rev. Roger Kay, a mechanics’ institute, and several public libraries. The parish church of St Mary’s was rebuilt in 1776. The government, which was at one time in the hands of three constables, appointed by the earl of Derby, the lord of the manor, was afterwards entrusted to a board of commissioners under a local Act; but the town has applied for municipal incorporation. Bury is a place of considerable antiquity, and w as formerly the seat of a baronial castle, which was destroyed by the Parliamentary forces in 1644. Sir Robert Peel was born at Chamber Hall in the neighbourhood, and his father did much for the prosperity of the town by the establishment of ...extensive printworks. A monument to the statesman now adorns the market-place. The parliamentary borough, which comprises the townships of Bury and Elton, has returned one member to Parliament since the Reform Bill of 1832. Its population in 1871 was 41,344, of whom 19,849 were males, and 21,495 females; the inhabited houses numbered 8279, and the registered electors 5518.
BURY, Richard de. See Aungervyle, vol. iii. p. 85.
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BURY ST EDMUNDS, a market-town and municipal and parliamentary borough of England, in the county of Suffolk, on the Lark, 26 miles N.W. of Ipswich, and 71 miles from London. It is governed by a mayor, six aidermen, and eighteen councillors, and returns two members to Parliament. The town is pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence, in a fertile and richly cultivated district, is clean and well built, and has a good drainage system. It is supposed to be the Villa JVaustini of the Romans, and numerous Roman remains have been dug up on the spot. It was the Beodericsworth of the Saxons, and by them was made a royal town of East Anglia. Its present name is derived from St Edmund, the king and martyr, who was taken prisoner and put to death by the Danes in 870. In 1020 a monastery was founded there by Canute, which for magnificence and splendour surpassed every other establishment of the kind in Britain, with the exception of that of Glastonbury. It was 505 feet long and 212 w ide; and contained twelve chapels. The abbot had a seat in Parliament, with the power to inflict capital punishment, and judged in_all civil causes within the liberty. The privilege of coining was granted to the abbot by Edward the Confessor, and both Edward I. and Edward II. had mints in the town. In 1327 the people of the town and neighbourhood attacked the monastery and reduced a large part of it to ashes. The tower or church-gate, one of the finest specimens of Norman architecture in the kingdom, and the western gate, erected about the middle of the 14th century, with a small portion of the walls, are all that now remains of that magnificent structure. St Mary’s church, a fine Gothic edifice, with a beautifully carved roof, was erected in the earlier part of the 15th century, and contains the tomb ...of Mary Tudor, Queen of Louis XII. of France. St James’s church is also a very fine building, containing several handsome monuments. The free grammar school, founded by Edward VI., has two scholarships at Cambridge, and six exhibitions to each university. The town has a shire-hall where assizes for the county and liberty are held, a handsome and commodious corn exchange, a guildhall, news and assembly rooms, a theatre, a savings-bank, botanic gardens, a county jail, a general hospital, and about 100 almshouses. The market-days are Wednesday and Saturday. Wednesday’s market is very important, both for com and cattle, but particularly for the latter, being second only to that of Norwicn, which is the largest in the Eastern counties. About a mile below the town the river becomes navigable for barges to Lynn, whence coals and other commodities were tormeιly brought, but of late years, since the formation of the railway, the river has been but little used, There are four lines of railway,—in connection with London and Cambridgeshire for the north, Thetford to Norwich and West Norfolk, Ipswich and East Suffolk, and Colchester for Essex. In the vicinity is Ickworth, the magnificent seat of the marquis of Bristol. The town was the birthplace of Bishop Gardiner, and gives the title of viscount to the Keppel family (Earls of Albemarle). Population in 1871, 14,928.
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