1. Of or pertaining to the sex that begets or procreates young, or (in a wider sense) to the sex that produces spermatozoa, by which the ova are fertilized; not female; as, male organs.
2. Capable of producing fertilization, but not of bearing fruit; -- said of stamens and antheridia, and of the plants, or parts of plants, which bear them.
3. Suitable to the male sex; characteristic or suggestive of a male; masculine; as, male courage.
4. Consisting of males; as, a male choir.
5. Adapted for entering another corresponding piece (the female piece) which is hollow and which it fits; as, a male gauge, for gauging the size or shape of a hole; a male screw, etc.
MALEBRANCHE, Nicolas (1638-1715), a well-known 4isciple of Descartes, was the youngest child of Nicolas Malebranche, secretary to Louis XIII., and Catherine de Lauzon, sister of a viceroy of Canada, and was born at Paris on August 6, 1638. Of an extremely feeble constitution mid somewhat deformed habit of body, he received his elementary education in Latin and Greek from a domestic tutor, and only left home when sufficiently advanced to enter upon a course of philosophy at the Collège de la Marche, and subsequently to study theology at the Sorbonne. He had resolved to enter the church, but his retiring and studious disposition led him to decline a stall in Notre Dame, and in 1660 he joined the Congregation of the Oratory. Both his ecclesiastical superiors and himself appear to have experienced considerable difficulty for some time in ascertaining what his special talents were, if they existed at all. He was first advised by Père Lecomte to devote himself to ecclesiastical history, and he accordingly set about a laborious perusal of the works of Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, but it was found that “the facts refused to arrange themselves in his mind, and mutually effaced one another.” Afterwards Richard Simon undertook to teach him Hebrew and Biblical criticism, but with no better success. At last having accidentally, in 1664, fallen upon one of the works of Descartes (the Traité de ΓHomme), Malebranche was forthwith alive to his true vocation. So overpowered was he by the novelty and luminousness of the ideas, and by the solidity and coherence of the principles of his author, that (it is said) he was repeatedly compelled by violent palpitations of the heart to lay aside his reading. Malebranche was from that hour consecrated to philosophy, and ...especially to that of Descartes; and after ten years’ study of the works of his master he produced, in 167 4, the famous Recherche de la Vérité, which was followed at intervals by other works, both speculative and controversial, the titles of which are given below. Like most of the great metaphysicians of the 17th century, Malebranche interested himself also in questions of mathematics and natural philosophy, and in 1699 he was admitted an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences. During his later years his society was much courted, and he received many visits from foreigners of distinction. His death took place on October 13, 1715; according to Stock, the biographer of Berkeley, it was hastened by an excited metaphysical argument into which he had been drawn in the course of an interview sought by that philosopher. For a critical account of Malebranche’s place in the history of philosophy, see Cartesianism (vol. v. p. 148 sq.).
The following is a list of his principal works :— De la Recherche de la Vérité, ou l'on traite de la nature de l'esprit de l'homme, et de l’usage qu'il en doit faire pour éviter l'erreur dans les sciences (1674, 6th ed. 1712; Latin translation by J. Lenfant at Geneva in 1685; two English translations, the second by Taylor in 1712; translations also into German, Dutch, and modern Greek); Conversations Chrétiennes, dans lesquelles on justifie la Vérité de la Religion et de la Morale de Jesus Christ (1676, and frequently); Traité de la Nature et de la Grace, 1680; Méditations Chrétiennes et Métaphysiques, 1683; Traité de la Morale, 1684; several polemical works against Arnauld from 1684 to 1688; Entretiens sur la Métaphysique et la Religion, 1688; Traité de l' Amour de Dieu, 1697; Entretien d'un Philosophe Chrétien et d’un Philosophe Chinois sur ΐ existence et la nature de Dieu, 1708; Réflexions sur la Prémotion Physique, 1715. A convenient edition of the Oeuvres choisies de Malebranche, in two volumes, with an introduction, was published by Jules Simon in 1846.
9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 15, p. 332 [649 words — estimated reading time: 4 minutes]
The philosophical system of Malebranche, an eminent French metaphysician. The fundamental doctrine of his system is that the mind can not have knowledge of anything external to itself except in its relation to God.
One who commits a crime; one guilty of violating the laws, in such a manner as to subject him to public prosecution and punishment, particularly to capital punishment; a criminal.
Phr. "our withers are unwrung", blut und eisen, coelitus mihi vires, du fort au diable, en habiles gens, ex vi termini, flecti non frangi, "he that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill", "inflexible in faith invincible in arms"
V.mate, copulate, make love, have intercourse, fornicate, have sex, do it, sleep together, fuck, sleep around, play the field, masturbate, jerk off, jack off, play with oneself, have the hots, become aroused, get hot, have an erection, get it up, come, climax, ejaculate
And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed.
Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring.
And Abraham took Ishmaelhis son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house; and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him.
On that very day Abraham took his son Ishmael and all those born in his household or purchased with his money—every male among the members of Abraham’s household—and hecircumcised them, just as God had told him.
And he removed that day the he goats that were ringstraked and spotted, and all the she goats that were speckled and spotted, and every one that had some white in it, and all the brown among the sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons.
That very day Laban removed all the streaked or spotted male goats and every speckled or spottedfemale goat—every one that had any white on it—and every dark-colored lamb, and he placed them under the care of his sons.
And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which leaped upon the cattle were ringstraked, speckled, and grisled.
When the flocks were breeding, I saw in a dream that the streaked, spotted, and speckled males were mating with the females.
And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the rams which leap upon the cattle are ringstraked, speckled, and grisled: for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee.
‘Look up,’ he said, ‘and see that all the males that are mating with the flock are streaked, spotted, or speckled; for I have seen all that Laban has done to you.
And unto Hamor and unto Shechemhis son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city.
All the men who went out of the city gate listened to Hamor and his son Shechem, and every male of the city was circumcised.
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