CAMPAGNA, a town of Italy, in the province of Principato Citeriore, 19 miles east of Salerno. It stands in the centre of a mountainous district, of which it is the capital. It is the see of a bishop, and contains a cathedral and college, besides several churches and convents. Population, 9813.

CAMPAGNA DI ROMA, is, in the wider application of the word, an extensive plain of central Italy, almost coinciding with the ancient Latium, and, in a more restricted signification, that portion of the larger area which lies immediately round the city of Rome between the Tiber and the Anio. The circumference of the latter “might be marked,” says Gregorovius, “by a series of well-known points,—Civita Vecchia, Tolfa, Ronciglione, Soracte, Tivoli, Palestrina, Albano, and Ostia;” while the former may be regarded as bounded on the N. by the Mountains of Viterbo (Sylva Ciminia), on the E. by the lower ranges of the Apennines, and on the S. and W. by the Tyrrhenian Sea. It extends about 84 miles in length from Civita Vecchia to Terracina, and has a breadth of 24 miles,—its area being nearly 1400 square miles. Of distinctly volcanic formation, the surface presents a very undulating appearance, broken by deep gullies and studded with extinct craters, that now form the basins of lakes, such as those of Bolsena, Vico, and Baccano. In ancient times it seems to have been a well-peopled region, and was the seat of numerous cities; but in the 3d and 4th centuries b.c. the Roman aristocracy turned the most of the district into huge estates, and thus led to the disappearance of the agricultural population. In the earlier period of the empire its condition grew worse and worse, and many parts of the plain became covered with pestilential marshes. The emperors Claudius, Nerva, and Trajan turned their attention to the amelioration of the district, and under their example and exhortation the Roman aristocracy erected numerous villas within its boundaries, and used them at least for summer residence. With the ruin of the empire and the inroad of the barbarian hordes the desolation ...