MAI, Angelo (1782-1854), cardinal, well known as the discoverer and editor of numerous ancient texts, was born of humble peasant parentage at Schilpario, a mountain village in the province of Bergamo, Lombardy, on March 7, 1782. For the excellence of his early education, received at Bergamo, he was indebted to a Jesuit priest named Mozzi, whom the suppression of the order had caused to settle in the neighbourhood. He afterwards accompanied Mozzi to a college at Colorno, in the duchy of Parma, where the J esuits had been permitted to re-establish themselves; and there he entered the noviciate of the society in 1799. In 1804, after the brief which restored the Jesuits to the Two Sicilies had been granted, he was removed to Naples as teacher of classics in the college there. Next, after completing his theological studies at the Collegium Romanum, he lived for some time at Orvieto, where he was admitted to priestly orders, and was engaged partly in teaching and partly in the palaeographical studies for which he had already manifested a strong partiality. The political events of 1808 necessitated his withdrawal from Rome (to which he had meanwhile returned) to Milan, where· he assumed the functions of a secular priest, and in 1813, through the influence of Mozzi, was made custodian of the Ambrosian library. He now threw himself with characteristic energy and zeal into the business of carefully exploring the numerous and valuable MSS. committed to his charge, and in the course of the next six years was able to restore to the world a considerable number of long-lost works. With the full approval of all concerned he now withdrew from his connexion with the Society of Jesus, and in 1819 he was invited to Rome as chief keeper of the library of the Vatican. Soon after his ...

MAIA was the eldest and fairest of the Pleiades, the seven daughters of Atlas and the Oceanid Pleione. Her name marks her as the “fruitful mother”; and the seven sisters haveno individuality except as the mothers of famous families. They were all born on Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, and are sometimes called mountain goddesses. In a cave of Cyllene, in the darkness of night, Maia became by Zeus the mother of the god Hermes. Maia bears one of the most characteristic names of the Phrygian mother, Cybele or Ma, the goddess whose home is on mountains and in caves; and in a common class of votive reliefs Hermes-Cadmilus is represented as a youth bearing a vase standing beside the throne on which Cybele sits. Maia was also an epithet of the Bona Dea, who is a form of Cybele, in Rome. See Conze, “Hermes-Cadmilos,” in Arch. Ztg., 1880.

MAIDENHEAD, a municipal borough and markettown in Berkshire, England, in the diocese of Oxford, 22∣ miles from London, 13⅛ from Reading, and 6 from Windsor. It was formerly called Maidenhythe, a wharf for timber and a wooden bridge across the Thames having existed there from very early times. In 1352 Edward III. incorporated a guild to keep the bridge in repair. In 1400 the duke of Surrey and the followers of Richard II. held the bridge against the new king, Henry IV., and at nightfall made good their retreat. In July 1647 a meeting took place at the Greyhound Inn between Charles I. and his three children. The church, dedicated to St Andrew and St Mary Magdalene, was originally founded by Margaret of France in 1270, and it was rebuilt on the same site in 1724; but in 1826 it was entirely taken down, and a new church was erected at the east end of the High Street. A church dedicated to St Luke was erected in 1867, and enlarged in 1869. The town contains a small town-hall, a large hall recently erected for concerts and lectures, schools, almhouses, and Roman Catholic, Wesleyan, and Baptist places of worship. There are numerous charities for the education and maintenance of poor persons. The principal trades are in malt, meal, and timber. A fine stone bridge across the Thames was erected at a cost of .£20,000 in 1772, connecting Berkshire with Buckingham. The scenery around Maidenhead is extremely picturesque, and several noblemen’s seats are in the neighbourhood. Population in 1871, 6173; in 1881, 8219.

MAIDSTONE, a municipal and parliamentary borough, and the county town of Kent, England, situated almost midway between London and Dover. It lies principally on the eastern bank of the river Medway, the modern part spreading over the western slopes of a picturesque valley, which is intersected and environed by orchards and hop gardens. Although antiquaries have conjectured that Maidstone was a military station of the Romans, few Roman remains have been found in the neighbourhood. The Saxon spelling of the name was Medwegestun, “Medway’s town.” The manor, valued in Domesday Book at £35, 10s., had from a very early period belonged to the see of Canterbury. Archbishop Boniface in 1260 established a hospital here for poor pilgrims, the chapel of which, with modern additions, is again used for public worship. The parish church of St Mary, which had existed from Norman times, was demolished in 1395 by Archbishop Courtenay, who erected on the site thereof the present church of All Saints; he also, at a short distance, founded a college of secular canons, the ruins of which are an interesting specimen of 14th century architecture. From the reign of John until the Reformation the archbishops had here a residence, at which Stafford and Courtenay died; but the existing building known as the palace dates chiefly from Elizabethan times. The rectory, with the manor, passed into lay hands at the Reformation; and, having been a perpetual curacy for three hundred and twenty years, the living became a vicarage in 1866. All Saints is one of the largest parish churches in the kingdom, and contains, besides many excellent monuments, the richly carved sedilia and the twenty-eight oak seats used by the collegiate priests. The parish has, since 1837, been divided into nine ecclesiastical ...