CLOT, Antoine (1795-1868), was born in the neighbourhood of Marseilles, and was brought up at the charity school of that town. After studying at Montpellier he commenced to practise as surgeon in his native place; but at the age of twenty-eight he was made chief surgeon to Mehemet Ali, viceroy of Egypt. At Abuzabel, near Cairo, he founded a hospital and schools for all branches of medical instruction, as well as for the study of the French language; and, notwithstanding the most serious religious difficulties, he prevailed on some of the Arabs to study anatomy by means of dissection. In 1832 Mehemet Ali gave him the dignity of bey without requiring him to abjure his religion; and in 1836 he received the rank of general, and was appointed head of the medical administration of the country. In 1849 he returned to Marseilles. Clot published— Relation des épidémies de cholera qui ont régné à ΓHeggiaz, à Suez, et eu Egypte (1832); De la peste observée eu Egypte (1840); Aperçu général sur l’Égypte (1840); Coup d'oeil sur la peste et les quarantaines (1851); De l’ophthalmie (1864).
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CLOTILDA, Saint (475-515), was the daughter of Chilperic, king of Burgundy, and the wife of Clovis, king of the Franks. Her father, mother, and brothers were put to death by Gundebald, her uncle, but Clotilda was spared and educated. Gundebald opposed her marriage with Clovis, but by the aid of the clergy she escaped to the Frankish court (493), was married, aud, having adhered all along to the pure Catholic faith of her mother, effected the conversion of Clovis to Christianity (496). He lost no time in avenging the murder of his wife’s parents; Gundebald was defeated, and became his tributary. After her husband’s death Clotilda persuaded her three sons—Clodomir, Childe∙ bert, and Clotaire—to renew the quarrel, and to visit on Sigismund, Gundebald’s son,his fathers crime. The war which followed resulted in the union of Burgundy to the Frank empire. Clotilda retired to Tours, and practised there the austerities of a devout life till her death. She was buried in the Parisian church of St Geneviève, which Clovis had built, and was canonized a few years afterwards by Pelagius I. Her remains, preserved till the Revolution, were burned at that period by the devout Abbé Rousselet, who dreaded their desecration; the ashes are now in the little church of St Leu. A statue of her adorns the Luxembourg, and a splendid church has recently been erected in her honour in Paris, not far from the spot where her bones rested during so many centuries. See France.
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