To put out of joint; to luxate.
Word of the Day: Catachrestical
To displace, or remove from its proper place, as a joint; to put out of joint; to dislocate.
Put out of joint; dislocated.
Removing or forcing out of its place, as a joint; dislocating.
1. That act of moving or forcing a joint from its proper place or articulation; or the state of being thus put out of joint.
2. A dislocation; that which is dislocated.
Luxembourg
Encyclopedia Britannica
LUXEMBOURG, FrançoisHenri de Montmorency-Boutteville, Dug de (1628-1695), marshal of France, the comrade and successor of the great Condé, was born at Paris on January 8, 1628. His father, the Comte de Montmorency-Boutteville, had been executed six months before his birth for killing the Marquis de Beuvron in a duel, but his aunt, the Princesse de Condé, recognizing in him the last male heir of her great family De Montmorency, took charge of him, and educated him with her son, the Due d’Enghien. The young Montmorency attached himself enthusiastically to his cousin, and shared his successes and reverses throughout the troubles of the Fronde. He returned to France in 1659 and was pardoned, and Condé, who was then much attached to the Duchesse de Châtillon, Montmorency’s sister, contrived the marriage of his adherent and cousin to the greatest heiress in France, the Princesse de Tingry, after which he was created Due de Luxembourg and peer of France. At the opening· of the war of the devolution, 1667-68, Condé, and consequently Luxembourg, had no command, but in the second campaign he served as one of Condé’s lieutenants in the conquest of Franche Comté. During the four years of peace which followed the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, Luxembourg diligently cultivated the favour of Louvois, and in 1672 received orders to commence hostilities with the Dutch. He defeated the prince of Orange, whom he was to beat again and again, at Woerden, and ravaged Holland, and in 1673 made his famous retreat from Utrecht with only 20,000 men in face of 70,000, an exploit which placed him in the first rank of generals. In 1674 he was made captain of the gardes du corps, and in 1675 was made marshal of France. In 1676 he was placed at the head of the army of the Rhine, but failed ...to keep the duke of Lorraine out of Philipsburg; in 1677 he stormed Valenciennes; and in 1678 he defeated the prince of Orange, who attacked him at St Denis after the signature of the peace of Nimeguen. His reputation was now at a great height, and it is commonly reputed that he quarrelled with Louvois, who managed to mix him up in the confessions of the poisoners, and get him sent to the Bastille. Rousset in his Histoire de Louvois has, however, shown that this quarrel is probably apocryphal. There is no doubt that Luxembourg spent some months of 1680 in the Bastille, but on his release took up his post at court as capitaine des gardes, and was in no way disgraced. When the war of 1690 broke out, the king and Louvois also recognized that Luxembourg was the only general they had fit to cope with the prince of Orange, and accordingly he was put in command of the army of Flanders. On July 1, 1690, he defeated the prince of Waldeck at Fleurus with the loss of 14,000 men and 49 pieces of cannon. In the following year he commanded the army which covered the king, who was besieging Mons, and defeated William III. of England at Leuze on September 18, 1691. Again in the next campaign he covered the king’s siege of Namur, and utterly defeated William at Steenkerk on June 5, 1692; and on July 29, 1693, he won his greatest victory over his old adversary at Neerwinden, in which he took 76 pieces of cannon and 80 flags. No wonder he was received with enthusiasm at Paris by all but the king, who looked coldly on a relative and adherent of the Condés. He conceived himself strong enough to undertake an enterprise which St Simon describes at length in the first , volume of his Memoirs : instead of ranking as eighteenth peer of France according to his patent of 1661, he claimed through his wife to be Due de Piney of an old creation of 1571, which would place him second on the roll. The whole affair is described with St Simon’s usual keen interest in all that concerned the peerage, and was chiefly checked through his assiduity. In the campaign of 1694, possibly owing to this check, Luxembourg did but little in Flanders, except his well-known march from Vignamont to Tournay in face of the enemy. On his return to Versailles for the winter he fell ill, and died on January 4, 1695. In his last moments he was attended by the famous Jesuit priest Bourdaloue, who said on his death, “I have not lived his life, but I would wish to die his death.” The holy father certainly had not lived like Luxembourg, whose morals were conspicuously bad even in those times, and whose life had shown very slight signs of religious conviction. But as a general he was Condé’s grandest pupil. Utterly slothful, like Condé, in the management of a campaign, and therein differing from Turenne, at the moment of battle he seemed seized with happy inspirations, against which no ardour of William’s and no steadiness of Dutch or English soldiers could stand. His death and Catinat’s disgrace close the second period of the military history of the reign of Louis XIV., and Catinat and Luxembourg, though inferior to Condé and Turenne, were very far superior to Tailard and Villeroi. He was distinguished for a pungent wit. One of his best retorts referred to his deformity. “I never can beat that'cursed humpback,” William· was reputed to have said of him. “How does he know I have a hump 1” retorted Luxembourg, “he has never seen my back.” He left four sons, the youngest of whom was a marshal of France as Maréchal de Montmorency.
See the various memoirs and histories of the time. There are some interesting facts in Desormeaux’s Histoire de la Maison de Montmorency. Camille Rousset’s Lou,υois should also be studied.
9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 15, p. 86
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[990 words — estimated reading time: 6 minutes]
Luxemburg
Encyclopedia Britannica
LUXEMBURG, a grand-duchy of Europe, governed under a special constitution by the king of the Netherlands, is bounded on the N. and E. by Rhenish Prussia, S. by Lorraine and the French department Meurthe-et-Moselle, and W. by Belgian Luxemburg. It measures 32 miles from Hartelingen to Rosport, both on the Sure, and 50 miles from Rumelange in the south to Weiler in the north. The surface contains 639,000 acres (998 square miles), of which 293,554 acres are arable, 61,033 meadowland, 143,812 woodland, 54,135 coppice, and 540 vineyards. The hills in the south of the duchy are a continuation of the Lorraine plateau; and the northern districts are crossed in all directions by outrunners from the Ardennes. With the exception of the Chiers, which flows into the Meuse near Sedan after a course of 50 miles, the streams all drain into the Moselle, which forms the boundary between Luxemburg and the Rhine province for about 20 miles. The Sure or Sauer, the most important stream in the duchy, rises at Vaux-les-Rosières in Belgian Luxemburg, crosses the duchy, and forms the eastern boundary from the confluence of the Our till it joins the Moselle after a course of 50 miles, during which it receives the Wiltz, the Woltz, the Alzet, &c. At Mondorf there are mineral wells and a bathing establishment. The soil of Luxemburg is generally good; the southern districts are on the whole the most fertile as well as the most populous. Building materials of all sorts are obtained throughout the duchy, and in the south there is iron-ore of fair quality— the mining area at present occupying from 8000 to 10,000 acres. Galena is worked on the frontier between Ober-wampach and Longville, and antimony at Gösdorf near Wiltz. Since 1842 Luxemburg has been included in the Zollverein, and its principal ...dealings are, consequently, with Germany. Besides the iron furnaces,—situated all of them in the south near the Lorraine plateau,—the industrial establishments of the country comprise a large number of tanneries, a dozen weaving factories, an important glove-making factory, a pottery, paper-mills for all sorts of paper, breweries and distilleries, and two sugar refineries. A German patois mixed with French words is spoken throughout the country; ’but French, which is universally employed by the commercial community, is also the common speech of all classes on the French and Belgian frontiers. Though perfect liberty of worship prevails, Roman Catholicism is almost the sole form of religion in the duchy, the only dissenters worthy of note being the Protestant Prussian employés and about three hundred Jewish families. The government is in the hands of the grand-duke, who sanctions and promulgates the laws. Between 1850 and 1879 the king of the Netherlands was represented in his grand-ducal functions by his brother Prince Henry; but since the prince’s death he has resumed the personal direction of affairs. The grand-duchy is a neutral and independent state, and its crown hereditary in the Nassau family (Treaty of London, March 11, 1867). A house of representatives and a council of state, named by the grand-duke, compose the administrative body. The representatives, to the number of forty-four, are chosen by the people in the proportion of one for from 4000 to 5500 inhabitants. No law can be passed without the consent of the house of representatives. Bills are introduced by the grand-duke, but the house has also the right of initiative. A single battalion (150) of Luxemburg chasseurs composes the grand-ducal army,—all voluntary recruits. The gendarmerie also consists of about 150 men. There are two courts of first instance in the duchy,—one at Luxemburg, the other at Diekirch,—and a high court and a court of appeal, both at Luxemburg. Criminals appear before the court of assize at Luxemburg. By grand-ducal decree the order of the Crown of Oak was instituted for the duchy, December 29, 1841, and that of the Golden Lion, February 5, 1858. The communal councils are under the supervision of the district commissioners, who are subject in turn to the minister of the interior. The administration of the town of Luxemburg depends immediately on the Government. Education is in a flourishing state: there are 642 primary schools attended by 31,000 pupils; Luxemburg has a normal school and an athenaeum; Diekirch and Echternach have each a gymnasium. The bishopric of Luxemburg, containing 13 diaconates, subdivided into 253 parishes, holds its authority directly from the Holy See. From 6,000,000 to 7,000,000 francs is the annual amount of the state budget, and the public debt was 12,000,000 francs in 1863. Since 1854 there has been a grand-ducal bronze coinage.
The following table shows the administrative divisions and the population (total, 205,158) according to the census of 1875. [table]
Next to the capital come Echternach with 3920, and Diekirch with 3130 inhabitants,—both worthy of note for their blast furnaces. At Echternach an annual procession is held in honour of St Willibrord, dating from 1374. Grevenmacher is the centre of a great wine district.
The Luxemburg territory as well as the country of Ardenne was included in Belgica Prima at the first division of Gaul by Angustus in 27 B.c.; during the Frankish period it formed part first of Austrasia, then of Lorraine, and then of Lower Lorraine. On the dismemberment of ancient Austrasia the countship of Ardenne fell to Ricuin; and, when after Ricuin’s death his children divided his possessions, Ardenne .proper was obtained by Count Sigfried (Sigefroi). The county of Luxemburg, as Ardenne came to be called after the chief town, was raised to be a duchy in 1354, and existed as an independent state till 1451, when it was seized by Philip, duke of Burgundy. The dynasty which he displaced had been ambitious and active, and had, in the person of Henry VII., attained the imperial dignity, and in that of John ascended the •throne of Bohemia. As a Burgundian possession Luxemburg came to the house of Austria, and, after forming part of the archduchy governed by Albert and Isabella, 1598-1632, followed the fate of the Spanish Netherlands till it was ceded by the treaty of Utrecht to the house of Hapsburg, It was deprived of Thionville, Moutmedy, Damvilliers, I voix, and Marville by the treaty of the Pyrenees (1659) in favour of France; and Louis XIV. occupied the town and great part of the province from 1684 till the treaty of Ryswick (1697). Seized by the French in 1793, it went in the main to form the department of Forêts. On the 16th March 1815 William I. declared himself king of the Netherlands and duke of Luxemburg, and his claims were sanctioned by the treaty of Vienna,—Luxemburg being considered compensation for the loss of the small principalities of Hadamar, Siegen, Dietz, and Nassau-Dillemburg, the surrender of which to Prussia had deprived William of his place in the Germanic confederation. The fortress was assigned, to the confederation itself, and was garrisoned by six' thousand men, of whom one-fourth belonged to the grand-duke and three-fourths to the confederation. From the recognition of Belgian independence in 1830 to the treaty of London in 1839, matters were still more complicated; there were two governments in Luxemburg—one at Luxemburg, acting for the grand-duke, and the other at Arion, acting for Belgium. By the treaty of London about 1218 square miles of the duchy with 149,571 inhabitants were transferred to Belgium, the German confederation and King William being compensated with parts of Limburg. On the dissolution of the confederation the duchy became free from its connexion with Germany, but the fortress remained in the hands of Prussia. A diplomatic contest for possession of the duchy took place between France and Prussia; and the matter became the object of a special conference of the plenipotentiaries of the great powers, Holland, Belgium, and Italy, in 1867. The result was that the neutrality of Luxemburg was guaranteed and the military importance of the town destroyed. The actual demolition of the fortifications evacuated by the Prussians in September 1867 did not take place till 1872.
See Beιtholet, Hist, du duché de Luxembourg, Luxemburg, 1741-43; Vander-nιaelen, Diet, géogr. du Luxembourg, Brussels, 1838; Schütter, Kι it. Erörterungen über die früh. Gesch. der Grafschaft Luxemburg, Luxemburg, 1859; Grövig, Luxemburg, Land und Volk, Luxemburg, 1867.
Luxemburg, the capital of the grand-duchy, lies 34 miles north of Metz and 25 south-west of Treves, in a position as remarkable for natural beauty as fot military strength. The main part of the town is built on a rocky table-land terminating precipitously towards the north-east and south; the modern portions, known as Pfaffenthal, Clausen, and Grund, lie 200 feet below, in the valley of the Alzetle. Till their demolition in terms of the treaty of 1867 the fortifications, on which the engineers of three centuries had expended their skill, were the great feature of the place; in point of strength they ranked, according to Carnot, second only to those of Gibraltar, and like them they were to a great extent hewn out of the solid rock. The site is now occupied partly by a fine public park, partly by new districts of handsome houses, which give the city more of the outward appearance of a capitaL Among the buildings of historical interest are the cathedral of Notre Dame, erected by the Jesuits in 1613;' the church of St Michel, dating from 1320; the Government-house, built in 1443, and still regularly occupied by the legislative assemblies; the town-house, built in 1830; the law courts, dating from 1565, but serving till 1795 as the residence of the governor of Luxemburg; and the athenaeum, built in 1594, and now (1882) attended by 500 to 600 pupils. The population of the city and suburbs, which was 15,930 in 1875, is now estimated at 19,000.
Luxemburg (formerly called Liitzelburg) appears in 738 as ae castle presented to the abbey at Treves by Charles Martel. Thetown grew up in the course of the 10th century, and soon began to surround itself with walls; but it was not till 1503 that a regular system of fortifications was commenced, and the principal features· of the modem fortress were due to Vauban, who accompanied Créqui in his capture of the place in 1664. Extensive additions were made to the works in 1728-34.
See Coster, Gcsch. der Festung Luxemburg, Luxemburg, 1869.
LUXEMBURG, a province of the kingdom of Belgium, lying at the south-eastern extremity of the country, and bounded N. and W. by the provinces of Liege and Namur, S. by France, and E. by Prussia and by the grand-duchy of Luxemburg, from which it was separated in 1839. It is the largest and most thinly populated of the Belgian provinces,—75 miles in length, 30 in breadth; the population is 204,000. The ground is high, averaging 1200 feet above sea-level, and rising in parts over 2000. The soil is dry and slaty, with occasional sand and limestone. The aspect of the country is a succession of broad tracts of table land or plateaus covered with wood or heather, and intersected by wide and deep valleys; these contain streams, half-dry during the summer, but quickly changed to sweeping torrents by rain or melting snow. Peat is found on the hills, and occasional morasses, known by the name of “hautes fanges,” are to be met with on the tops of the. highest mountains. The whole district is comprised within, the region of Ardennes. The agricultural produce is poor; the various breeds of horses, cattle, sheep, &c., are remarkably small, though they all possess individual qualities· of endurance or their flesh of flavour; the hams are renowned. The forests abound in game of all kinds; red deer are plentiful, and wild boars have of late become: so abundant as to be a serious nuisance. The mineral productions are worthy of note. Iron is found in the valley of the Ourthe, and also farther south near Arion; lead is extracted at Longwilly, manganese at Biham, zine at Longwilly and Bleid. Building stone is to be had throughout the province, and is generally employed, brick houses being the exception. There are quarries of grey and rose-coloured marble at Wellin, and extensive slate·, quarries on the banks of the Semois, the Sure, and the Salm. The trade in wood and bark is considerable, and there are some important tanneries, as well as iron works, paper-mills, and limekilns. The principal rivers are the Semois, the Lesse, and the Ourthe, affluents of the Meuse, and the Sure, which flows into the Rhine; of these the Ourthe alone is navigable for a few miles down from Barvaux. There are no canals in the province, so that Luxemburg is entirely dependent on railways for its traffic. The Brussels and Basel line runs through the whole province, with a station at Arion, the capital; and branch lines have been established to connect the principal markets, Marche, Durbuy, Bastogne, Virton, &c., with the main artery. The language spoken by the inhabitants is French, with an admixture of Walloon dialect and an inferior kind of German on the borders of the grand-duchy. The king of the Belgians and his brother the count of Flanders possess summer residences, with extensive forest lands, in the province of Luxemburg.
9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 15, p. 87
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Given to luxury; voluptuous.
Luxor
Encyclopedia Britannica
LUXOR, more properly El-Aksur, “The Castles” (plur. pane, of kasr), a village on the Nile, 450 miles above Cairo, occupies part of the site of the ancient Thebes, and has its name from the ruins described in vol. vii. p. 777. The village is also called Abu’l Hajjâj from the patron saint whose tomb is mentioned by Ibn Batuta, i. 107, ii. 253. See also Yâkùt, i. 338. Luxor is the centre for visitors to the ruins of and about Thebes, and is increasingly frequented by travellers and invalids in the winter season, being the only place above Osyût (Sayût) provided with hotel accommodation suitable for Europeans. The district is the seat of an extensive manufacture of forged antiques, often very skilfully made.
9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 15, p. 89
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A kind of granite from Luxullian, Cornwall, characterized by the presence of radiating groups of minute tourmaline crystals.
1. LUXU'RIANCE ,
2. LUXU'RIANCY, noun [Latin luxurians, luxurio, to grow rank, or to wanton.]
3. Rank growth; strong, vigorous growth; exuberance.
4. Flowers grow up in the garden with the greatest luxuriancy and profusion.
5. Excessive or superfluous growth.
The state or quality of being luxuriant; rank, vigorous growth; excessive abundance produced by rank growth.
The state or quality of being luxuriant; luxuriance.
1. Exuberant in growth; abundant; as a luxuriant growth of grass.
4. A luxuriant flower multiplies the covers of the fructification so as to destroy the essential parts.
Exuberant in growth; rank; excessive; very abundant; as, a luxuriant growth of grass; luxuriant foliage.
With exuberant growth.
In a luxuriant manner.
To grow exuberantly, or to grow to superfluous abundance.
1. To grow exuberantly; to grow to superfluous abundance.
2. To feed or live luxuriously; as, the herds luxuriate in the pastures.
3. To indulge with unrestrained delight and freedom; as, to luxuriate in description.
of Luxuriate
of Luxuriate
The process of growing exuberantly, or beyond the natural growth.
The act or process luxuriating.
No thesaurus entries found for "lux".
King James Bible KJV Bible
Berean Standard Bible BSB Bible
0 KJV and 13 BSB verses contain “lux”
Therefore hear now this, thou that art given to pleasures, that dwellest carelessly, that sayest in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss of children:
So now hear this, O lover of luxury who sits securely, who says to herself, ‘I am, and there is none besides me. I will never be a widow or know the loss of children.’
Enflaming yourselves with idols under every green tree, slaying the children in the valleys under the clifts of the rocks?
Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: according to the multitude of his fruit he hath increased the altars; according to the goodness of his land they have made goodly images.
Israel was a luxuriant vine, yielding fruit for himself. The more his fruit increased, the more he increased the altars. The better his land produced, the better he made the sacred pillars.
But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? Behold, they which are gorgeously apparelled, and live delicately, are in kings courts.
Otherwise, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? Look, those who wear elegant clothing and live in luxury are found in palaces.
Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and been wanton; ye have nourished your hearts, as in a day of slaughter.
You have lived on earth in luxury and self-indulgence. You have fattened your hearts in the day of slaughter.
For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.
All the nations have drunk the wine of the passion of her immorality. The kings of the earth were immoral with her, and the merchants of the earth have grown wealthy from the extravagance of her luxury.”
How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow.
And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning,