GAUDEN, John (1605-1662), the reputed author of the Eikon Basilike, was born in 1605 at Mayfield in Essex, of which parish his father was vicar. He was educated at Bury St Edmunds, and afterwards at St John’s College, Cambridge. He obtained about 1630 the vicarage of Chippenham in Cambridgeshire, and the rectory of Brightwell in Berkshire. At the breaking out of the civil war he was domestic chaplain to Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick, one of the parliamentary leaders, and, being selected to preach before the House of Commons in 1640, was presented with a silver tankard for his discourse. In 1641 he was appointed by the parliament to the deanery of Bocking, in Essex. He became master of the Temple in 1659, in succession to Dr Ralph Brownrigg, bishop of Exeter, and after the Restoration in November 1660 was appointed to the same diocese. Between 1642, the date of his first printed work, and 1660 he published some thirteen or more books, of which number, however, only one appeared prior to the execution of the king. Soon after his appointment to the see of Exeter, he privately laid claim to the authorship of the Eikon Basilike, a work commonly attributed at the time to Charles I. This claim Gauden put forth in a correspondence with the Lord Chancellor Hyde, earl of Clarendon, and the earl of Bristol, from 21st December 1660 to 31st March 1662. The letters of Gauden among them have been published in Dr Maty’s Review in 1782, and again in the Appendix to vol. iii. of the Clarendon Papers. In the year 1693 a Mr Arthur North of London, who had married a sister of Dr Gauden’s daughter-in-law, published a series of letters which he had found among his sister-in-law’s papers, and which added materially to the strength of the bishop’s claim. They consisted of the ...

GAUDICHAUD-BEAUPRÉ, Charles (1789-1854), a French botanist, was born at Angoulême, September 4, 1789. He studied pharmacy first in the shop of a brother-in-law at Cognac, and then under Professor Robiquet at Paris, where from Desfontaines and L. C. Richard he acquired a knowledge of botany. In April 1810 he was appointed dispenser in the military marine, and from July 1811 to the end of 1814 he served at Antwerp. In September 1817 he joined the corvette “Uranie,” as pharmaceutical botanist to the circumpolar expedition commanded by De Freycinet (see vol. ix. p. 777). The wreck of the vessel on the Falkland Isles, at the close of the year 1819, deprived him of more than half the botanical collections he had made in various parts of the world. In 1830-33 he visited Chili, Peru, and Brazil, and in 1836- 37 he acted as botanist to “La Bonite” during its circumnavigation of the globe. His theory accounting for the growth of plants by the supposed coalescence of elementary “phytons” involved him, during the latter years of his life, in much controversy with his fellow-botanists, more especially M. de Mirbel. He died January 16, 1854....