PERCEVAL, Amand-Pierre Caussin de (1795-1871), Orientalist, was born at Paris, where his father was professor of Arabic in the Collège de France, on 13th January 1795. In 1814 he went to Constantinople as a student interpreter, and afterwards travelled in Asiatic Turkey, spending a year with the Maronites in the Lebanon, and finally becoming dragoman at Aleppo. Returning to Paris, he became professor of vulgar Arabic in the school of living Oriental languages in 1821, and also professor of Arabic in the Collège de France in 1833. In 1849 he was elected to the Academy of Inscriptions. He died at Paris during the siege, 15th January 1871, regretted not only for his ripe scholarship but for the gentleness and modesty of a character which represented the best features of the old school of French savants.
Caussin de Perceval published a useful Grammaire Arabe vulgaire, which passed through several editions (4th ed. 1858), and edited and enlarged Bocthor’s Dictionnaire Français-Arabe (3d ed. 1864); but his great reputation rests almost entirely on one book, the Essai sur l'histoire des Arabes (3 vols., Paris, 1847-48), in which the native traditions as to the early history of the Arabs, down to the death of Mohammed and the complete subjection of all the tribes to Islam, are brought together with wonderful industry and set forth with much learning and lucidity. One of the principal MS. sources used is the great Kitáb al-Aghány, which has since been published in Egypt; but no publication of texts can deprive the Essai, which is now unhappily very scarce, of its value as a trustworthy guide through a tangled mass of tradition....
PERCEVAL, Spencer (1762-1812), prime minister of England from 1809 to 1812, was the second son of John, second earl of Egmont, and was born in Audley Square, London, in November 1762. He was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated Μ. A. in 1781. He was called to the barat Lincoln’s Inn in 1786. A very able speech in connexion with a famous forgery case having drawn attention to his talents, his success was from that time rapid, and he was soon regarded as the leading counsel on the Midland circuit. Entering parliament for Northampton in April 1796, he distinguished himself by his speeches in support of the administration of Pitt. In 1801, on the formation of the Addington administration, he was appointed solicitor-general, and in 1802 he became attorney-general. An ardent opponent of Catholic emancipation, he delivered in 1807 a speech on the subject which helped to give the deathblow to the Grenville administration, upon which he became chancellor of the exchequer under the duke of Portland, whom in 1809 he succeeded in the premiership. Notwithstanding that he had the assistance in the cabinet of no statesman of the first rank, he succeeded in retaining office till he was shot by an assassin, perhaps a madman, named Bellingham, in the lobby of the House of Commons, 11th May 1812. Perceval will be chiefly remembered for his strenuous opposition to Catholic emancipation, an opposition due to a conscientious dread of the political evils that might result from it. He was a vigorous debater, specially excelling in replies, in which his thorough mastery of all the details of his subject gave him a great advantage.
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