The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is moved under the platen.
1. Cylindrical; circular; spherical or globular. round is applicable to a cylinder as well as to a globe or sphere. We say, the barrel of a musket is round; a ball is round; a circle is round
2. Full; large; as a round sum or price.
3. Full; smooth; flowing; not defective or abrupt.
4. In his satires, Horace is quick, round and pleasant.
10. Full; plump; bold; positive; as a round assertion.
11. A round number, is a number that ends with a cipher, and may be divided by 10 without a remainder; a complete or full number. It is remarkable that the W. cant, a hundred, the Latin centum, and Sax. hund, signify properly a circle, and this use of round may have originated in a like idea.
12. A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe. Hence the officer and men who perform this duty are called the rounds.
13. A dance; a song; a roundelay, or a species of fugue.
14. A general discharge of fire-arms by a body of troops, in which each soldier fires once. In volleys, it is usual for a company or regiment to fire three rounds.
15. A round of cartridges and balls, one cartridge to each man; as, to supply a regiment with a single round or with twelve rounds of cartridges.
1. On every side of; as, the people stood round him; the sun sheds light round the earth. In this sense, around is much used, and all is often used to modify the word. They stood all round or around him.
2. About; in a circular course, or in all parts; as, to go round the city. He led his guest round his fields and garden. he wanders round the world.
3. Circularly; about; as, to wind a cable round the windlass.
4. To come or get round one, in popular language, is to gain advantage over one by flattery or deception; to circumvent.
1. Having every portion of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball.
2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a musket is round.
3. Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round arch; round hills.
4. Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of numbers.
5. Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round price.
6. Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round note.
7. Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, making the opening more or less round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, / 11.
8. Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing; as, a round answer; a round oath.
9. Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt; finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with reference to their style.
10. Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to conduct.
1. Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The golden round" [the crown].
2. A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution; as, the round of the seasons; a round of pleasures.
3. A course of action or conduct performed by a number of persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in a circle.
4. A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in turn, and then repeated.
5. A circular dance.
6. That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of applause.
7. Rotation, as in office; succession.
8. The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece which joins and braces the legs of a chair.
9. A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat; especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also, the act of traversing a circuit; as, a watchman's round; the rounds of the postman.
10. A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his attendants, who performs this duty; -- usually in the plural.
11. A general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which each soldier fires once.
12. Ammunition for discharging a piece or pieces once; as, twenty rounds of ammunition were given out.
13. A short vocal piece, resembling a catch in which three or four voices follow each other round in a species of canon in the unison.
14. The time during which prize fighters or boxers are in actual contest without an intermission, as prescribed by their rules; a bout.
15. A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole.
16. A vessel filled, as for drinking.
17. An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of politicians.
On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind a cable round a windlass.
ROUND TOWERS. A peculiar class of round tower exists scattered throughout Ireland; about one hundred and twenty examples still remain, mostly in a ruined state, but eighteen or twenty are almost perfect. These towers were built either near or adjoining a church; they are of various dates from perhaps the 8th to the 13th century; though varying in size and detail, they have many characteristics which are common to all. They are built with walls slightly battering inwards, so that the tower tapers towards the top. The lower part is formed of solid masonry, the one doorway being raised from 6 to 20 feet above the ground, and so only accessible by means of a ladder. The towers within are divided into several stories by two or more floors, usually of wood, but in some cases, as at Keneith, of stone slightly arched. The access from floor to floor λvas by ladders, no stone staircase being provided. The windows, which are always high up, are single lights, mostly arched or with a flat stone lintel. In some of the oldest towers they have triangular tops, formed by two stones leaning together, like the windows at Deerhurst and other pre-Norman buildings in England. One peculiarity of the door and window openings in the Irish round towers is that the jambs are frequently set sloping, so that the opening grows narrower towards the top, as in the temples of ancient Egypt. The later examples of these towers, dating from the 12th and 13th centuries are often decorated with chevron, billet, and other Norman enrichments round the jambs and arches. The roof is of stone, usually conical in shape, and some of the later towers are crowned by a circle of battlements. The height of the round towers varies from about 60 feet to 132; that at Kilcullen is the highest. The masonry differs ...according to its date,—the oldest examples being built of almost uncut rubble work, and the later ones of neatly-jointed ashlar.
Much has been written as to the use of these towers, and the most conflicting theories as to their origin have been propounded. It is, however, fairly certain that they were constructed by Christian builders, both from the fact that they always are or once were near to a church, and also because crosses and other Christian emblems frequently occur among the sculptured decorations of their doors and windows. The original purpose of these towers was probably for places of refuge, for which the solid base and the door high above the ground seem specially adapted. They may also have been watch-towers, and in later times often contained bells. Their circular form was probably for the sake of strength, angles which could be attacked by a battering ram being thus avoided, and also because no quoins or dressed stones were needed, except for the openings—an important point at a time when tools for working stone were scarce and imperfect Both these reasons may also account for the Norman round towers which are so common at the west end of churches in Norfolk, »Suffolk, and Essex, though these have little resemblance to those of Ireland except in the use of a circular plan. One example exactly Eke those of Ireland still exists in the Isle of Man, within the precincts of Peel Castle adjacent to the cathedral of St German; it was probably the work of Irish builders. There are also three in Scotland, viz. at Egilshay in Orkney, and at Abernethy and Brechin.
Round towers wider and low ’ er in proportion than those of Ireland appear to have been built by many prehistoric races at different parts of Europe. Many examples exist in Scotland, and in the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. The towers of this class in Scotland are called “brochs”; they average about 50 feet high and 30 feet in internal diameter. Their walls, which are usually about 15 feet thick at the bottom, are built hoUow, of rubble masonry, with series of passages one over the other running all round the tower. As in the Irish towers, the entrance is placed at some distance from the ground; and the whole structure is designed as a stronghold. The brochs appear to have been the work of a pre-Christian Celtic race. Many objects in bronze and iron and fragments of handmade pottery have been found in and near these towers, all bearing witness of a very early date. See Anderson, Scotland in Pagan Times, 1883, and Scotland in Early Christian Times, 1881. During the 6th century church towers at and near Ravenna were usually built round in plan, and not unhke those of Ireland in their proportions. The finest existing example is that which stands by the church of S. Apollinare in Classe, the old port of the city of Ravenna (see Basilica, vol. iii. p. 415, fig. 5). It is of brick, divided into nine stories, with single-light windows below, three-light windows in the upper stories, and two-lights in the intermediate ones. The most magnificent example of a round tower is the well-known leaning tower of Pisa, begun in the year 1174. It is richly decorated with tiers of open marble arcades, supported on free columns. The circular plan was much used by Moslem races for their minarets. The finest of these is the 13th-century minar of Kootub at Old Delhi, built of Emestone with bands of marble. It is richly fluted on plan, and when complete was at least 250 feet high.
The best account of the Irish round towers is that given by Petrie, in his Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland (Dublin, 1845). See also Keane, Towers and Temples of Ancient Ireland (Dublin, 1850); Brash, Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland (Dublin, 1875); and Stokes, Early Architecture in Ireland (Dublin, 1878).
9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 21, p. 22 [974 words — estimated reading time: 6 minutes]
1. A constable's prison; the prison to secure persons taken up by the night-watch, till they can be examined by a magistrate.
2. In a ship of war, a certain necessary near the head, for the use of particular officers.
3. In large merchantmen and ships of war, a cabin or apartment in the after part of the quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; sometimes called the coach. It is the master's lodging room.
But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter:
Before they had gone to bed, all the men of the city of Sodom, both young and old, surrounded the house.
And the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure
So Ephron’s field at Machpelah near Mamre, the cave that was in it, and all the trees within the boundaries of the field were deeded over
For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf.
We were binding sheaves of grain in the field, and suddenly my sheaf rose and stood upright, while your sheaves gathered around and bowed down to mine.”
And he gathered up all the food of the seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same.
During those seven years, Joseph collected all the excess food in the land of Egypt and stored it in the cities. In every city he laid up the food from the fields around it.
And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death:
And you are to set up a boundary for the people around the mountain and tell them, ‘Be careful not to go up on the mountain or touch its base. Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death.
And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.
with an opening at its top in the center. Around the opening shall be a wovencollar with an opening like that of a garment, so that it will not tear.
And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about:
Make pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn all the way around the lower hem, with gold bells between them,
Then shalt thou kill the ram, and take of his blood, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and upon the tip of the right ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about.
Slaughter the ram, take some of its blood, and put it on the right earlobes of Aaron and his sons, on the thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes of their right feet. Sprinkle the remaining blood on all sides of the altar.
And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.
Overlay with pure gold the top and all the sides and horns, and make a molding of gold around it.
And he overlaid it with pure gold within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about.
He overlaid it with pure gold, both inside and out, and made a gold molding around it.
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