DOLE, a town of France, at the head of an arrondissement in the department of Jura, 28 miles N. of Lons-le-Saulnier, occupying the declivity of a hill on the right bank of the Doubs, which is there accompanied by the canal between the Rhone and the Rhine. It is the seat of a tribunal of primary instance, and has a Jesuit college, an agricultural society, a school of design, a theatre, a museum, and a public library of upwards of 40,000 volumes. The principal public buildings are the court-house, originally a Franciscan monastery dating from 1572; the church of Notre Dame, a Gothic structure of the 16th century; the Hôtel-Dieu, the prison, the barracks, two hospitals, and the ancient tower of Vergy. Among the manufactures of the town are straw hats, hosiery, chemicals, leather, and agricultural implements; and it carries on a good trade in agricultural produce, wood, iron, and marble. Dole is believed to have been a station on the Roman road from Lyons to the Rhine, and it still preserves what seem to be remains of an aqueduct, a bridge, and a theatre, of Roman construction From 1423 to 1481 it was the seat of a university; but there can have been but little study in the year 1479 when the town was taken by Louis XI., and so completely sacked that only Jean Vurry’s house, as it is still called, and other two buildings were left standing. It subsequently came into the hands of the Spaniards, aud in 1530 was fortified by Charles V. In 1636 it was able to hold out against the prince of Condé; but in 1668 and 1674 it was captured by the French, and on the latter occasion was deprived of its defences. Till Besançon was incorporated with the province, Dole ranked as the capital of Franche Comté, and was the seat of a parlement.

DOLET, Étienne (1509-1546), a French scholar and printer, whose fame is due as well to the painful romance of his life as to the high importance of his labours. A tradition, of what authority it is hard to say, makes him the illegitimate son of Francis I.; and it is evident that he was at least connected with some family of rank and wealth. From Orleans, where he was born, he was taken to Paris about 1521; and after enjoying there the instruction of Nicolas Bérauld, the teacher of Coligni, he proceeded in 1526 to Padua. The death of his friend and master, Simon de Villanova, led him, in 1529, to accept the post of secretary to Jean de Langeac, French ambassador to the republic of Venice; but he managed, in spite of his new occupation, to attend the lectures of the Venetian scholar Battista Egnazio, and to write Latin love poems to some Venetian Elena, who died, however, before he left the city. Returning to France in 1530 he proceeded to Toulouse for the study of law; but there he soon became involved in the violent disputes then raging between the different “nations” of the university, roused the anger of the public authorities by his keen condemnation of some of their measures, was thrown into prison, ran the risk of being assassinated, and was finally banished by a decree of the parlement. In 1535 he entered the lists against Erasmus in the famous Ciceronian controversy, by publishing, through Sebastian Gryphe at Lyons, a Dialogus de Imitatione Ciceroniana; and the following year saw the appearance of his two folio volumes Commentariorum Linguae Latina. In 1537 he obtained from Francis I. a privilege to print during ten years any works in Latin, Greek, Italian, or French which were the product of his owupen or had received his supervision; and accordingly, on ...