KHANDPÁRA, a petty state in Orissa, India, lying between 20° 1Γ and 20° 25' N. lat,, and 85° 1' and 85° 25' E. long., with an area of 244 square miles, and a population in 1872 of 60,877, mostly Hindus. Khandpâra originally formed a part of the neighbouring state of Nayâgarh, and was separated from it about two hundred years ago by a brother of the Nayâgarh râjâ,, who established his independence. The present chief, a Râjput by caste, is the eighth in descent from the founder. The country forms a very valuable territory, and is one of the best cultivated of the Orissa states. Fine sal timber abounds in the hilly parts, and magnificent banian and mango trees stud the plain. It is intersected by the Kuaria and Dauka rivers, small tributaries of the Mahânadi. The estimated annual revenue of the chief is £2258; tribute to the British government, £421.

KHANDWA, or Cundwah, the chief town and headquarters station of Nimâr district, Central Provinces, India, 21° 50' N. lat., 76° 23' E. long. Population (1877), 14,119. Khandwa is perhaps the most rising, town in the Central Provinces. It is the station on the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, where the whole traffic of Central India towards Bombay meets the line. It has entirely superseded Burhanpur, the ancient centre of trade between Mâlwâ, the Nerbudda valley, and the Deccan. Extensive barracks have been built for the relays of troops which pass through in the cold season, and there is also a good travellers’ bungalow with a spacious sardi or native resthouse.

The Arabian geographer, Al Biπini (circa 1000 a.d.), mentions Khandwa; and a century later, it was a great seat of Jain worship. The mound on which the town stands has supplied many finely carved pillars, cornices, and other remains of the old Jain buildings, which have been built into Brâhmanical temples, the walls of the Marhatta fort, and other structures It also formed a quarry for the Sιvaite temples surrounding the four founds or water reservoirs, one of which is on each side of the town, that on the west side bearing the date 1132 a.d.

KHÁNDESH, or Candeish, a district of Bombay Presidency, India, lying between 20° 15' and 22° N. lat., and 73° 37' and 76“ 24' E. long., bounded on the N. by the SAtpura hills, E. by Berar, S. by the SAtmAla or Ajanta hills, S.W. by NAsik district, and W. by Baroda territory, with an area of 10,162 square miles. The chief town is Dhulia. The principal natural feature is the TApti river, which enters at the south-east corner of the district, and flows in a north-westerly direction, dividing KhAndesh into two unequal parts. Of these the larger lies towards the south, and is drained by the river Girna. Northwards beyond the alluvial plain, which contains some of the richest tracts in KhAndesh, the land rises towards the SAtpura hills. In the centre and east the country is level, save for some low ranges of barren hills, and has in general an arid, unfertile appearance. Towards the north and west, the plain rises into a difficult and rugged country, thickly wooded, and inhabited by wild tribes of Bhils, who chiefly support themselves on the fruits of the forests and by the profits of wood-cutting. The drainage of the district centres in the TApti, which receives thirteen principal tributaries in its course through KhAndesh. None of the rivers are navigable, and the TApti flows in too deep a bed to be made use of for irrigation. The district on the whole, however, is fairly well supplied with surface water. KhAndesh is not rich in minerals. A large area is under forest; but the jungles have been robbed of most of their valuable timber. Wild beasts are numerous. As late as 1858 tigers abounded; but since then they have been very closely hunted, and driven almost entirely out of the plains into the rough hilly country....